Is Fish Oil Effective At Reducing Inflammation?

A fish oil supplement

Key Takeaways

  • Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA, which are important for reducing inflammation.

  • Clinical studies show that fish oil can significantly lower inflammatory markers and is beneficial for rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease.

  • The recommended dosage for fish oil ranges from 1 to 3 grams daily.

  • While fish oil is generally safe, it can interact with some medications and may have side effects such as nausea or a fishy aftertaste.

  • LiveGood’s Factor4 is a great way to consume fish oil and other anti-inflammatory ingredients like turmeric, CoQ10, and garlic.

What Is Fish Oil?

Fish oil is a popular dietary supplement extracted from the tissues of oily fish, such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, and tuna. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 

These essential fats are important for health but cannot be synthesized by the body, making dietary intake or supplementation necessary.

Sources of Fish Oil

  • Fatty Fish: Found naturally in salmon, mackerel, sardines, and anchovies.

  • Shellfish: Mussels and oysters also provide a source of omega-3s.

  • Supplements: Fish oil is widely available in various forms, including liquid, capsules, and pills.

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How Fish Oil Works To Reduce Inflammation

Mechanisms of Action

  1. Production of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs): Omega-3 fatty acids act as precursors to SPMs. Fish oil supplementation increases SPM levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner to improve immune cell function and reduce inflammation.

  2. Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines:  Fish oil helps suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and TNF-α by blocking NF-κB—a key transcription factor driving inflammatory gene expression. This mechanism helps manage inflammation in autoimmune and other chronic conditions.

  3. Alteration of Eicosanoid Production: Omega-3 fatty acids influence the balance of eicosanoids—pro-inflammatory signaling molecules. EPA and DHA lead to the formation of less potent eicosanoids that have anti-inflammatory effects, thereby shifting the inflammatory response toward resolution.

  4. G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPR120) Activation: Omega-3s activate GPR120, a receptor critical to shutting down inflammatory pathways in immune cells. This process directly reduces inflammation at a cellular level.

Read More: 11 Ways to Quickly Reduce Inflammation in Your Body

Dosage and Effectiveness

 

Condition

Recommended Dosage

General Health

1 to 3 grams of combined EPA and DHA daily

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

More than 2.6 grams of omega-3 fats (EPA + DHA) daily

Lupus

Benefits at low doses

Osteoarthritis

0.45 grams of omega-3 fats daily

 

Side Effects and Safety Concerns

A pregnant woman

It’s best for pregnant women and children to avoid fish oil supplements.

  1. Gastrointestinal Issues: May cause fishy aftertaste, belching, nausea, diarrhea, and heartburn.

  2. Bleeding Risk: High doses (over 3 grams daily) may increase the risk of bleeding and nosebleeds.

  3. Atrial Fibrillation: Some studies suggest a potential increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat).

  4. Mercury Contamination: Certain fish sources may contain high levels of mercury and other toxins. However, purified fish oil supplements generally have low contamination levels.

  5. Drug Interactions: May interact with blood-thinning medications and antihypertensive drugs, potentially leading to excessive bleeding or lowered blood pressure.

  6. Pregnancy Concerns: Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid high-mercury fish and consult healthcare providers before taking supplements.

  7. Liver Disease: Individuals with liver disease may have an increased risk of bleeding.

  8. Diabetes Management: High doses might complicate blood sugar control in diabetic patients.

  9. Immune System Effects: High doses can suppress the immune response, which may be a concern if you have a weakened immune system.

Read More: Fish Oil vs. Ibuprofen: Which is the Better Anti-Inflammatory

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fats that the body cannot produce. They play a vital role in brain function, heart health, and reducing inflammation. The two main types found in fish oil are EPA and DHA, which have been shown to help reduce inflammation.

Is fish oil safe for everyone?

While generally safe for most people, those with seafood allergies should avoid it. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before use because of potential mercury exposure from certain fish.

Can I get enough omega-3s from diet alone?

Eating fatty fish at least twice a week adequately supplies the omega-3 fatty acids most people need. However, if your dietary intake is low, supplementation like Factor4 may be beneficial.

Can fish oil help with heart disease?

Fish oil may lower triglyceride levels and has been associated with reduced risks of heart attack and stroke in some studies. However, results can vary, and it’s important to discuss supplementation with a healthcare provider if it’s appropriate for your situation.

Can Factor4 replace my current medications?

Factor4 supports inflammation management naturally. However, it should not be used to replace prescription medication without consulting a healthcare professional.